口譯有怎樣的特點?

　　口譯是常用到的一種翻譯形式，作為一項特殊的語言交際互動，有著自己的鮮明特點，下面北京翻譯公司給大家分享一下口譯的特點。

　　Interpreting is a commonly used translation form. As a special language communication interaction, it has its own distinctive characteristics.

　　現(xiàn)場感強。

　　Strong sense of scene.

　　這是口譯比較突出的特點，它表現(xiàn)在兩個方面，及時性和互動性。其中，及時性表現(xiàn)在口譯的輸入和輸出過程都是即時的、一次性的。從輸入的角度來說，發(fā)言人的講話一般只講一次，沒有機會反復聆聽。從輸出的角度來說，譯員也只有一次翻譯的機會。雖然在某些情況下，可以通過重復、解釋、補充和修正等手段對產出進行二次加工，但在大多數(shù)情況下，只有一次機會。

　　This is the more prominent characteristics of interpretation, it is manifested in two aspects, timeliness and interaction. Among them, timeliness is manifested in the process of input and output of interpretation is immediate and one-time. From an input point of view, speakers usually speak only once, without the opportunity to listen repeatedly. From the point of view of output, the interpreter has only one chance to translate. While in some cases outputs can be reprocessed through repetition, interpretation, replenishment and modification, in most cases there is only one chance.

　　而互動性則表現(xiàn)為口譯過程中，發(fā)言人和譯員必須在同一時間、同一個地點出現(xiàn)(在電話和視頻口譯中，是通過現(xiàn)代通訊技術實現(xiàn)的)，這樣帶來的結果之一就是發(fā)言人和譯員之間存在互動。另外，譯員在發(fā)言時也要考慮非語言信息對產出的影響，比如如何通過合適的身體語言傳遞信息。

　　Interactivity, on the other hand, involves the presence of the speaker and the interpreter at the same time and in the same place (in telephone and video interpretation, through modern communication technologies). One result of this is the interaction between the speaker and the interpreter. In addition, interpreters should also consider the effect of non-verbal information on output, such as how to transmit information through appropriate body language.

　　即席壓力性。

　　Ad hoc pressure.

　　口譯是一種不可能預測的即席雙語傳言活動。口譯人員需要在準備有限的情況下，即刻進入雙語語碼切換狀態(tài)，進行現(xiàn)時現(xiàn)場的口譯操作。現(xiàn)場氣氛壓力大，特別是有的口譯場面非常嚴肅莊重，如國際會議和外交談判。正式場合的嚴肅氣氛會給經(jīng)驗不足的譯員造成較大的心理壓力，緊張的情緒會影響譯員的自信。

　　Interpretation is an improbable, impromptu bilingual rumour. Interpreters need to enter the state of bilingual code switching in case of limited preparation. The atmosphere is very stressful, especially some interpretation scenes are very solemn, such as international conferences and diplomatic negotiations. The serious atmosphere in the formal situation will cause great psychological pressure to the inexperienced interpreter, and the nervous mood will affect the interpreter's confidence.

　　立體綜合性。

　　Three dimensional synthesis.

　　口譯是一種綜合運用視、聽、說，讀、寫等知識和技能的語言操作活動。譯員必須具有觀察捕捉說話者的臉部表情、手勢體姿、情緒變化等非語言因素的能力;能夠耳聽會意各種帶地方口音以及不同語速的話語的能力;能用母語和外語進行流利而達意地表達能力;在口譯過程中能進行快速筆記、快速理解的能力。口譯屬一種立體式、交叉型的信息傳播方式。

　　Interpreting is a comprehensive use of visual, listening, speaking, reading, writing and other knowledge and skills of language operations. The interpreter must be able to observe and capture the speaker's facial expression, gesture posture, mood change and other non-verbal factors, and be able to listen and listen to various local accents and different speech speeds. Ability to express fluently and intensely in both native and foreign languages; ability to take notes and understand quickly in the process of interpretation. Interpretation is a kind of three-dimensional, cross-type information dissemination.

　　內容的繁雜性。

　　The complexity of the content.

　　譯員的口譯范圍沒有限界，內容可以上至天文，下及地理，無所不涉，無所不包，繁雜無限。口譯的服務對象是各界人士，來自各個階層、各行各業(yè)，有著不同的教育文化背景，在交際過程中他們會有意無意地將自己所熟悉的專業(yè)知識表達出來，這是譯員無法回避的現(xiàn)實。譯員必須是一名通曉百事的雜家。

　　There is no limit to the interpretation range of interpreters. The content can be up to astronomical, down and geographical. The target audience of interpretation is people from all walks of life, from various professions, with different educational and cultural backgrounds. In the process of communication, they will express their familiar professional knowledge intentionally or unintentionally. This is an inescapable reality for the interpreter. The interpreter must be a Pepsis-savvy family.

　　個體操作性。

　　Individual operation.

　　譯員屬單一的個體工作者，其勞動具有很強的獨立操作性。口譯需要當場、即時完成，譯員通常聽到的是只講一次、不再重復的話語，他在正確理解的同時必須立即獨立地進行一次性的翻譯。通常譯員在整個口譯過程中基本上是孤立無援的，譯員必須隨時獨立處理可能碰到的任何問題。

　　Interpreter is a single individual worker, whose labor has strong independent operation. Interpretation needs to be done on the spot and at once. What an interpreter usually hears is a speech that is spoken only once and no longer repeats. While he understands correctly, he must make a one-off translation immediately and independently at the same time. Usually the interpreter is basically alone in the whole process of interpretation. The interpreter must deal with any problems that may be encountered independently at any time.

　　跨文化交際性。

　　Intercultural communication.

　　口譯作為一種跨文化交際活動，不是從原句到譯句的譯碼，而是接收原句后必須經(jīng)過信息概念轉化，才能以譯語表達原語的意思。口譯的模式由三大塊組成，左邊是原語輸入，右邊是譯語輸出，中間連接左右兩邊的是信息概念轉換。

　　As a kind of cross-cultural communication, interpreting is not the decoding from the original sentence to the translation sentence, but after receiving the original sentence, the information concept must be transformed in order to express the meaning of the original language in the target language. The mode of interpretation consists of three parts: the primitive input on the left, the output on the right, and the information conceptual transformation on the left and right in the middle.

中譯國際翻譯（北京）有限公司
China International Translation service Co., Ltd.